Managing Virtual Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Virtual Teams - Essay Example Under the virtual arrangement, we shared out work and through communication while students go home, with some going as far as Europe but make tremendous contributions than when we at campus where laxity seems to crop up. In terms of the discussion given by Ernst, Hoegl and Siebdrat (2009), it is true that there must be a good coordination of the virtual team in order for results to be realized. The authors confirm my observation that my team relied on sharing out work and an active group leader who ensured that the necessary contribution was done through communication. According to Majchrzak, Malhotra and Rosen (2007), certain effective leadership of the team is very important in the determination of success of the virtual team. A different perspective is given by Balsmeier, Bergiel and Bergiel (2008) who argue that virtual teams face many challenges among them is the remote capacity to deal with conflicts since the members cannot have an open forum for immediate response likely to iron out differences. It is clear that a more keen interest must be paid to more seasoned organizations willing to adopt the virtual team arrangement. Among the best practices which must be implemented include a clear definition of the targeted goals and rewards for the team (Briggs, Nunamaker and Reinig, 2009). According to the author, this acts as a reminder of the need to keep motivated since there is lack of physical motivators. The authors also reckon that focus must be sustained and directed on the tasks. Familiarity is among the team members assists in understanding the contributions that each member can make. This implies that a virtual presence must be established through appropriate leadership guided by set out standards. Training of the team members may be useful and ensuring expeditious approach may also require anonymity for independence as

France and Russia Semi-Presidential Systems Analysis Essay

France and Russia Semi-Presidential Systems Analysis - Essay Example Democracy is simply understood as highly associated with freedom. On the contrary, it would be a bit harder to define authoritarianism due to the fact that it is quite supple and diverse in its form. In other words, it is very interesting to find out why some countries ended up themselves in authoritarian regime knowing the fact that there is no individual freedom associated with it. In addition, it is very complex and not everyone could substantially express their freedom. At some point, there must suppression of individual rights involved. After all, authoritarianism requires absolute obedience to authority. This is the basic requirement in authoritarian regime contrary to emancipation of individual freedom in democratic regime. In democratic regime, it is the people who have the higher authority to select among themselves somebody to be seated in the higher rank, to represent their voices. Submission therefore to this instituted authority would mean complete obedience and respect of the voice of the majority. In this case, it is always the majority wins and has ultimate right over the minority. This only means that for as long as there are minority groups, democratic regime should always subject itself to varying amendments in many aspects in governance. For instance, the emancipation of law should at some point be allowed to undergo process of voting prior to its implementation. In the legalization of abortion, democratic regime always has the chance for ratification by the majority. Substantial debates are necessary just to make sure that everybody’s possible voices on the said issue are heard. On the contrary, one could always associate authoritarianism with dictatorship, monarchy, one-man rule, autocracy and even police state. This what it means about authoritarianism being diverse. In democracy, the rulers are restricted by a constitution, law and even oppositions such as the minority group and even some insurgents. However, this is not the case in the issue of authoritarian regime. There is a repressive control of the people in authoritarianism. Seeing these definitions and illustrations of authoritarianism and democracy would somehow suggest that it would be impossible why countries remarkably engaged themselves with authoritarian regime. It is important to look at this issue in detail most especially in the case of Russia. In this paper, the proponent tries to elaborate some factors that could probably explain why Russia has slid into competitive authoritarianism. Based on history, Russia like France has semi-presidential systems. However, France chose to remain democratic but Russia decided to slide into competitive authoritarianism. There are many probable factors that one could elaborate for the reason of acquiring substantial explanation. However, in this paper, the proponent chose to discuss one of the most important factors considered to be elemental for the institution of authoritarian regime in Russia. This is th e issue concerning democratic value. Democratic value People lack democratic values. Perhaps, this is a good point to start with. In Russia, history could tell that in its archaic society, the leaders always decide for the people. People were never thought to decide among themselves and thus lacking responsibility and freedom to think of different things for the good of the country. This is a remarkable impact and